k6安装测试

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介绍 k6 的负载、基准等测试用途，演示用 xk6 构建定制版并将结果输出到 InfluxDB 进行压测。

k6 的主要用途

  1. 负载测试
    模拟高并发用户访问，检测服务在高流量下的性能表现。

  2. 基准测试
    测试系统在不同负载下的响应时间、吞吐量和资源使用情况。

  3. 回归测试
    确保代码更新不会引入性能回退。

  4. 容量测试
    测试系统的最大承载能力，发现性能瓶颈。

搭建

  1. 使用 Docker， xk6-dashboard 扩展，将 k6 性能测试结果发送到 Grafana
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mkdir xk6-dashboard-docker && cd xk6-dashboard-docker
  1. docker-compose.yml 文件, 运行 grafana 和 influxdb # 也可以使用 prometheus 等别的输出
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version: '3.7'
services:
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana-oss:latest
    container_name: grafana
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    environment:
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
    volumes:
      - ./grafana-data:/var/lib/grafana

  influxdb:
    image: influxdb:1.8  # 以上版本为 v2,可能不兼容，需要更改认证方式
    container_name: influxdb
    ports:
      - "8086:8086"
    environment:
      - INFLUXDB_DB=k6
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER=admin
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD=admin
      - INFLUXDB_USER=k6
      - INFLUXDB_USER_PASSWORD=k6pass
    volumes:
      - ./influxdb-data:/var/lib/influxdb

docker-compose up -d

  1. k6 测试脚本
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import http from 'k6/http';
import { sleep } from 'k6';

export let options = {
  vus: 10, // 虚拟用户数量
  duration: '30s', // 测试持续时间
};

export default function () {
  http.get('https://test-api.com'); // 替换为你的测试 API
  sleep(5);
}
  1. 构建带 xk6-dashboard 的 k6 Docker 镜像

Dockerfile

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FROM golang:1.20 AS builder

# 安装 xk6
RUN go install go.k6.io/xk6/cmd/xk6@latest

# 确保依赖环境
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app
RUN go mod init k6build
RUN GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/grafana/xk6-dashboard@latest

# 构建定制版 k6
RUN xk6 build --with github.com/grafana/xk6-dashboard@latest


FROM alpine:3.15

COPY --from=builder /app/k6 /usr/bin/k6
ENTRYPOINT ["k6"]

docker build -t imwl/custom-k6 .

  1. 运行性能测试
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# docker run --rm --network="host" -v $(pwd)/script.js:/script.js imwl/custom-k6 run --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 /script.js

          /\      |‾‾| /‾‾/   /‾‾/
     /\  /  \     |  |/  /   /  /
    /  \/    \    |     (   /   ‾‾\
   /          \   |  |\  \ |  (‾)  |
  / __________ \  |__| \__\ \_____/ .io

     execution: local
        script: /script.js
        output: InfluxDBv1 (http://localhost:8086)

     scenarios: (100.00%) 1 scenario, 10 max VUs, 1m0s max duration (incl. graceful stop):
              * default: 10 looping VUs for 30s (gracefulStop: 30s)


running (0m01.0s), 10/10 VUs, 0 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [   3% ] 10 VUs  01.0s/30s

running (0m02.0s), 10/10 VUs, 0 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [   7% ] 10 VUs  02.0s/30s

running (0m03.0s), 10/10 VUs, 0 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  10% ] 10 VUs  03.0s/30s

running (0m04.0s), 10/10 VUs, 0 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  13% ] 10 VUs  04.0s/30s

running (0m05.0s), 10/10 VUs, 0 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  17% ] 10 VUs  05.0s/30s

running (0m06.0s), 10/10 VUs, 10 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  20% ] 10 VUs  06.0s/30s

running (0m07.0s), 10/10 VUs, 10 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  23% ] 10 VUs  07.0s/30s

running (0m08.0s), 10/10 VUs, 10 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  27% ] 10 VUs  08.0s/30s

running (0m09.0s), 10/10 VUs, 10 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  30% ] 10 VUs  09.0s/30s

running (0m10.0s), 10/10 VUs, 10 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  33% ] 10 VUs  10.0s/30s

running (0m11.0s), 10/10 VUs, 20 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  37% ] 10 VUs  11.0s/30s

running (0m12.0s), 10/10 VUs, 20 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  40% ] 10 VUs  12.0s/30s

running (0m13.0s), 10/10 VUs, 20 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  43% ] 10 VUs  13.0s/30s

running (0m14.0s), 10/10 VUs, 20 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  47% ] 10 VUs  14.0s/30s

running (0m15.0s), 10/10 VUs, 20 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  50% ] 10 VUs  15.0s/30s

running (0m16.0s), 10/10 VUs, 30 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  53% ] 10 VUs  16.0s/30s

running (0m17.0s), 10/10 VUs, 30 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  57% ] 10 VUs  17.0s/30s

running (0m18.0s), 10/10 VUs, 30 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  60% ] 10 VUs  18.0s/30s

running (0m19.0s), 10/10 VUs, 30 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  63% ] 10 VUs  19.0s/30s

running (0m20.0s), 10/10 VUs, 30 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  67% ] 10 VUs  20.0s/30s

running (0m21.0s), 10/10 VUs, 40 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  70% ] 10 VUs  21.0s/30s

running (0m22.0s), 10/10 VUs, 40 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  73% ] 10 VUs  22.0s/30s

running (0m23.0s), 10/10 VUs, 40 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  77% ] 10 VUs  23.0s/30s

running (0m24.0s), 10/10 VUs, 40 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  80% ] 10 VUs  24.0s/30s

running (0m25.0s), 10/10 VUs, 40 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  83% ] 10 VUs  25.0s/30s

running (0m26.0s), 10/10 VUs, 50 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  87% ] 10 VUs  26.0s/30s

running (0m27.0s), 10/10 VUs, 50 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  90% ] 10 VUs  27.0s/30s

running (0m28.0s), 10/10 VUs, 50 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  93% ] 10 VUs  28.0s/30s

running (0m29.0s), 10/10 VUs, 50 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [  97% ] 10 VUs  29.0s/30s

running (0m30.0s), 10/10 VUs, 50 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default   [ 100% ] 10 VUs  30.0s/30s

running (0m31.0s), 04/10 VUs, 56 complete and 0 interrupted iterations
default ↓ [ 100% ] 10 VUs  30s

     data_received..................: 28 MB 894 kB/s
     data_sent......................: 11 kB 334 B/s
     http_req_blocked...............: avg=3.83ms   min=1.65µs  med=2.37µs  max=27.7ms  p(90)=21.94ms  p(95)=24.99ms
     http_req_connecting............: avg=234.35µs min=0s      med=0s      max=1.86ms  p(90)=1.26ms   p(95)=1.57ms
     http_req_duration..............: avg=155.47ms min=31.25ms med=46.68ms max=1.33s   p(90)=594.22ms p(95)=746.33ms
       { expected_response:true }...: avg=155.47ms min=31.25ms med=46.68ms max=1.33s   p(90)=594.22ms p(95)=746.33ms
     http_req_failed................: 0.00% ✓ 0        ✗ 60
     http_req_receiving.............: avg=28.16ms  min=16.59ms med=25.47ms max=63.4ms  p(90)=37.55ms  p(95)=38.67ms
     http_req_sending...............: avg=151.69µs min=6.06µs  med=8.65µs  max=2.82ms  p(90)=25.59µs  p(95)=170.88µs
     http_req_tls_handshaking.......: avg=3.42ms   min=0s      med=0s      max=25.66ms p(90)=19.16ms  p(95)=22.92ms
     http_req_waiting...............: avg=127.16ms min=13.43ms med=18.23ms max=1.31s   p(90)=553.72ms p(95)=695.29ms
     http_reqs......................: 60    1.900488/s
     iteration_duration.............: avg=5.15s    min=5.03s   med=5.05s   max=6.33s   p(90)=5.59s    p(95)=5.74s
     iterations.....................: 60    1.900488/s
     vus............................: 4     min=4      max=10
     vus_max........................: 10    min=10     max=10

验证

配置数据源
k6-influxdb源

导入 K6 官方仪表板

  1. 在 Grafana 中点击左侧菜单 “Dashboards” > “Import”

  2. 输入 K6 官方仪表板的 ID：2587

  3. 点击 Load，选择数据源为刚添加的 InfluxDB

  4. 点击 Import，导入完成

界面验证
k6监控页面